What is meant by the term "moment of inertia"?

The term "moment of inertia" refers to an object's resistance to a change in angular motion, which is why the selected answer is accurate. It quantifies how much torque is needed for a desired angular acceleration about a particular axis. The moment of inertia depends on the mass of the object and the distribution of that mass relative to the axis of rotation. Objects with a greater moment of inertia require more torque to change their angular velocity, making understanding this concept essential in fields like physics and engineering.

In contrast, converting energy into motion relates to linear dynamics rather than angular dynamics, while the total force applied to an object pertains to linear motion and doesn’t capture the moment of inertia concept. An object's weight in a gravitational field primarily concerns gravitational force, not the resistance to changes in rotation. Thus, the focus of the moment of inertia is specifically tied to how mass affects rotational motion.