Which ancient civilization first recognized the mental benefits of physical activity?

The Ancient Greeks were pioneers in recognizing the mental and philosophical benefits of physical activity. They believed that a balanced life encompassed both physical fitness and intellectual pursuits. This philosophy was central to their culture, particularly in the context of the Olympic Games, which were not only athletic competitions but also celebrated ideas of virtue and excellence that extended to both mind and body.

Philosophers like Plato and Aristotle contributed to this understanding, arguing that physical exercise could lead to improved cognitive function and overall well-being. They viewed athletic training as essential for the development of a well-rounded individual, emphasizing that engaging in physical pursuits could enhance one's moral character and mental acuity. This holistic approach to fitness set the foundation for future views on the significance of physical activity for mental health, which persists in contemporary practices today.